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Chapter 5 Quadrature

In this chapter, we look at the two main aspects of calculus: differentiation and integration.
In the first case, we desire to know \(f'(x)\text{,}\) the derivative of a function \(f\) for some value of \(x\text{.}\) Although most functions can be easily differentiated, if it is too complicated often a numerical derivative is sought instead or as we will see the function is not known.
In the case of integration, we generally would like to find the value of
\begin{equation*} \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \, dx \end{equation*}
for some continuous function \(f\text{.}\) This is an important skill in that we don’t need to look very far to find functions that we can’t take the antiderivative of. In such a case, we will resort to numerical integration or quadrature.